Property Law and Common Law

Question: Discuss about the Property Law and Common Law. Answer: Introduction: There has been under common law a denial traditional and a resistance towards the subject of prospect or view as a right related to the property. It was in the case of William Alred in the year 1610 that the property rights which were putative in terms as that prospect is only a matter of delight and there is no necessity which is attached to it, therefore there is no action that will lie for stopping the same, however, it is for a house a great commendation it there is a large and long prospect to it. The law, but does not recognize any action related to the stopping of such things which are related to delight. The reason why common law does not recognize the views propertization is because it is of the opinion that nature of the same is very whimsical, it is but as per the court a thing which is merely of delight as had been stated in the landmark case of William Alfred. There is no permanence or stability to it to be able to form a grants subject matter. It is thought crtically as being incapable of conformation theoretically to the main attributes of property which is excludability. Meaning thereby that this right cannot be specifically excluded from the other bundle of rights and neither can it exist of its own. Thus, from the perspective of property rights, and the bundle of right analogy, there has been unwillingness by the common law in isolating a scenic right or right to view which is discrete from within the rights of enjoyment and use within the bundle. The English Judiciary during the period as above also established the Ancient Light Doctrine. It based on the prescription by which the owner of the two lots adjoining who has from the second lot to the first, enjoyed right from the free flow of air and light continuously and who has conveyed the above mentioned second parcel shall continue to retain an unobstructed right to the air and light in this property. Provided however, this right has been enjoyed for a period of at least twenty years. However, there was a rejection such a right to views perspective since this right was looked upon by them as being only a matter of delight as compared to that of air and light which they had classified as being necessities. There have been various criticisms over this view that has been taken by the common law courts and it is not entirely defensible. The English Judiciary, around the time of the America Revolution recognized the negative easement which was there with respect to view, air and light. But there was a different approach that was taken by them for creating easements for these rights. The consequence of this was that right to air and light could arise by covenant or grant, prescription or implications whereas with respect to right to view this would arise only if there was a covenant or grant which mentions it specifically. Further in the late 19th century the case of Alfred also received criticism in England wherein the distinction between right of prospect and right to light was noted on the basis that while one was a matter of delight the other was that necessity. Such a view more than satisfactory was quaint. There was an inconsistency in common law which was exemplified by this statement with respect to tolerating of easement rights that were analogous, such as rights relating to air and light, but not for the rights that related to view. There were various other rumblings as well. There is no longer any relevance of the justifications of the policy behind the Alfred case. An example of this is the fear that was there that the right to view encumbrance over a property would fetter the estates free alienation or development may be hampered which was something that was understandable in the year 1610. However in the modern times this policy has become redundant in which the encumbrance of the interes ts are by multiplicity of burdens or charge, which may either be statutory or otherwise. Further it may be observed that such prohibitions on the right of view forming the propertys subject matter may have a justification where the right which is presumed arises prescriptively or impliedly, but not certainly where the same has arisen through grant which is express, specially where there has been a meeting of the law principles of a basic contract. The faint echoes of nuisance is never far away when it comes to cases that are related to view obstruction. There is frequent employment of nuisance, being a tort that is proprietary, when exploring the properties boundaries. The struggle of High Court in Australia with respect to prospect as property has been discussed and deliberated at various forums. In Ahearn v. Havler which is an obstruction case there was an iron fence the height of which was of 7 feet 6 inches in the Auckland suburbs was considered by courts to not in fact be nuisance. But the matter shall always remain that of degree. There is reserved in Property Law itself a right of intervention when any kind of obstruction crosses the threshold of becoming a nuisance. Thus there is watching brief role that property law has when it comes to interference with property. Conclusively it can be stated that the position of the common law that denying right to prospects and right to view is not entirely defensible. Further the decision of Hutchens v City of Holdfast Bay established the view of the common law not defensible. In the Supreme Court of SA DeBelle J. handed down his opinion with respect to private view of the sea as being an amenity and opined that it was granted protection under the common law. This case an application was made for the consent of the development of a building that was three storied at Adelaide, the Sea Cliffs Esplanade which comprised of two residential apartments, a food store for takeaways and car-parking. The argument against this development was that it would cause an obstruction to the view of the coasts which was being enjoyed currently at the propertys rear by the neighbors. The matter was brought before the court of Commissioner of the Environment and Development on the grounds that there was a right that there existed a right to the view of the sea and the development which was proposed by the respondent would lead to the obstruction of this view. There (as already discussed above) has been generally previously considered that the views which are with respect to dwellings that are private such as the hill views, coastal or the sea are not any classified right but are instead subject to the land that is in front of it. It is widely considered that any view that the other land parcels have would be subjected to the approval of the council for any property development in the front of it. The enjoyment right of the views was not generally deemed to be in the category that is same as other rights such as that to air, light and using the land generally and enjoying ones own property. However, DeBelle J. opining in the appellants favour stated that there was a private right that the appellants had to the view of the sea which was being enjoyed by them currently from the their residential dwellings. It was ruled by his Honor that the amenities which are currently in existence such as the view of the view and being enjoyed by the residents had an overbearing effect on the others rights to be able to develop the land in a manner to be able to maximize their own view of the sea. Thus, despite the fact that there are no rights which are given expressly to the owner of the properties with a view from the residence, this view broadened in this case by the opinion of DeBelle J. as he broadened the amenity definition so that includes aspects such as coastal and sea views. There was a potential legal protection that this case established for protecting the views from private residences. Therefor, though it has been considered previously generally that views which are in association with private residents such as coasts, seas and views of the hill, are not to be classified as being rights, but are subject instead to the land that is before them. However, this case has recognized this right as being an amenity that is to be protected under the common law. In contrast possessory and property right and determination of boundaries have been given under common is given sound protection. In the situation where there is any kind of interference with the real property of an individual it would give rise to trespass of land tort or that of nuisance. It was opined in the case of Entick v. Carrington by Lord Camden LCJ that invasion of a property that was private even for a minute would amount to trespass. There can be no one who can set foot on a private property without the license from the owner. Further such person would be liable to action even if there has been no damage caused. Further these rights have long been exercised against the officers of the government who are not acting within their lawful authority or the government itself. In the case of Plenty v Dillion it was stated by Toohey JJ and Mason CJ and Brennan that the principles as stated in the Entick case shall be applicable to any persons entry who is purporting to act within the Crowns authority as well as any other individuals entry. Lord Denning was then quoted, adopting from the Earl of Chatham a quotation, by their honours stating that all forces of the Crown may be bid defiance by the poorest of man who is in his own cottage. It may not be a strong cottage, the roof may be shaking, the wind may be blowing through it, the rain and storm entering but it will not be allowed for the King of England to enter this cottage. There cannot be crossing of his force across the threshold of this tenement that is ruined unless; there is a strong justification under law for the same. In the case of Haliday v Nevill it was stated similarly by Brennan J. that the abovementioned principle is applicable to both private persons as well as the government officers alike. A police officer who has entered or has remained on a property which is private without license or leave by the person in whose possession the property is or who is entitled to the possession of such property there is a trespass which has been committed and he has acted in a manner which is outside the his dutys course unless his remaining or entering the property has been excused or authorized by the law. Conclusively it can be stated that the manner in which the common law approaches the determination of the other boundaries of the property is not the same in which it approaches the boundaries of right to view or prospect status of the property. There is far more stricter approach taken by the courts in the course of the actions for determining if there has been any trespassing over the premises of the individual without his leave or license or unless it has been specified under the law, even from the Crown or the government or the officers of the government. It is only when it comes to the right of view that the common law has taken or more lax view opining it to be only a mere delight this is in contrast event to the approach it has taken towards the right to air and light (as mentioned above) which it has stated to be the necessity. However, this is defensible as there has been a change in the view of the courts and in the recent cases the right to view has been added to the list of amenities in the case of Hutchens v City of Holdfast Bay. References Candetti, Lora, "Private Views May Now Be Recognised And Protected By Common Law" (2007) 22Australian Property Law Bulletin Gale, Charles James and Spencer G Maurice,Gale On Easements(Sweet Maxwell, 1972) Lee, Rosalind, "Nuisance - The Right To Light" (2007) 25Property Management "Light And Air-Extent Of The Right To" [1852]The Western Law Journal Page, John and Ann Brown, "Scenic Amenity, Property Rights, And Implications For Pastoral Tenure In The South Island High Country" [2008]Paper Presented at University of Canterbury Law Reeves, Alfred G,A Treatise On The Law Of Real Property(Little, Brown, 1909) Ahearn v Havler[1967] NZLR 245, 248 Dalton v Angus[1881] a AC 740, 824 Entick v Carrington[1765] EWHC KB J98 Haliday v Nevill[1984] HCA 80 Hutchens v City of Holdfast Bay[2007] SASC 238 Nomar v Ballard[1915] 60 S.E.2d 710, 714 Plenty v Dillion[1991] HCA 5 Southam v Smout[1964] 1 Q.B.) 308, 320. William Alred[1610] 77 ER 816 at 821 A Common Law Right | ALRC(2016) Alrc.gov.au https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/common-law-right-3#_ftn7

Business Activities Of Coca Cola Amatil †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Activities Of Coca Cola Amatil? Answer: Introduction The report talks about the business operation of Coca Cola Amatil Company. It explains that how the company is maintaining the best brand in soft drinks and beverage products across the world. It describes the core values, mission, vision and corporate strategies of the company. The report also describes the leadership style and organizational culture of the company. It explains that how the company overcomes on its competitors in the market. Coca Cola is one of the biggest brand and product around the world. It is an independent and self-governing company which is dealing in a variety of beverage and soft drinks. Its headquarter is located in Australia and the company also operates its business in South Korea, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Indonesia, Samoa, and Fiji. It is the primary manufacturer and producer of Coca Cola products which mainly focuses on the Asia specific countries. The business of the company is based on snacks foods and alcoholic beverages. It is listed on the Australian securities exchange in 1972. Alison Watkins is the CEO and managing director of the company and David Gonski is the board chairman of the company (Bailey Peetz, 2015). Mission The mission of the company is to revive and refresh the world in body, mind, and spirit. To inspire and encourage the brands, moments, brands of the company. To build and develop good values of the company (Maharaj Reddy, 2013). Objectives The main objective of the company is to introduce and create a variety of beverage brands which satisfy the consumers needs, wants and desires. The company wants to develop an effective and strong network of the suppliers and customers to enhance and encourage their values. The other objective of the company is to gain high success and growth with achieving the organizational goals and objectives. It also wants to maximize the profit with maintaining the long term sustainability in the market. The companys core competencies consist a distribution system, administrative control, and strong brand. The core competencies refer to the specific set of knowledge, skills, and experience which are a need in the organization in order to achieve goals and objectives of the company. Leadership, integrity, sustainability, passion, diversity, and accountability are the core values of the company. The core values and competencies are the uniqueness of the company (Burrows, Pursey Stanwell, 2015). Corporate strategies The company is using the various corporate strategies in order to meet the long term goals and objectives with maintaining sustainability growth in the organization. The corporate strategies of the company have been discussed below. Marketing strategies: Coca Cola Amatil uses the various corporate strategies to identify and analyze the taste and preferences of the consumers. Through the marketing strategies, the company can know the various choices of consumers related to beverages and soft drinks products. (Kumarasiri, 2015). Promotion strategy: The Company focuses on various promotion strategies to promote and increase the demand for the products in the market. In this way, the company can make a good position in the market. Growth strategies: The Company is using various kinds of growth strategies to increase and expand the growth and success of the organization. It is investing the large amount on its business operations and activities to achieve the long term vision and mission of the organization. It also uses the various diversification strategies to expand its business in the market. Stability strategies: If Coca Cola Amatil feels that growth strategies are not viable and feasible, then company uses the stability strategies. Mainly, this strategy focuses on the current position and supply chain and quality control of the company. Focus strategy: The company uses focus strategy in differentiation and low-cost dimensions. It also focuses on the cost of the beverage products to increase the profit of the company. Leadership strategy: The organization mainly focuses on the effective leadership strategy to gain the competitive advantage in the market. The low-cost leadership strategies are one the biggest business level strategies that the company has been using since its incorporation. Product differentiation strategy: The Company uses the products differentiation strategy to differentiate its product from the competitors product. Many times, it seems that the competitive companies produce the similar products. Therefore, the organisation faces many difficulties due to similar products so the company uses the product differentiation strategy (Blanding, 2011). The growth strategy is the biggest achievement for the company and it is giving the largest competitive and viable edge to the company. This strategy helps to achieve the organizational goals and objectives effectively. Now it is assumed that all the core values, competencies and corporate strategies play a significant role in success and growth of the company (Mialon et al, 2016). Two criticism of the Coca Cola Amatil The two criticisms of the company have been discussed below. Water management is a serious issue in the company. Therefore, the company is facing several problems due to water shortage and scarcity. On the other hand, people have also blamed on the company for mixing pesticides in the water to remove bacteria and clear the containments. This is affecting the health of the people. They are suffering from various diseases due to the carbonated and soft drinks. It also affects the revenue and profit of the company. Due to the water scarcity, the company is not providing the healthy soft drinks and beverages to customers. Carbonated beverages are the reason of obesity and overweight. It also affects the behavior of the customers. Various communities and customers are affecting the water scarcity. The company should improve the management of water to gain competitive advantages (Okur-Berberoglu, 2014). The other criticism is sustainability and corporate social responsibilities. The company is facing many challenges due to poor sustainability and corporate social responsibilities. The company is not following all the compliance, rules, and norms of the business. It is affecting the behavior of stakeholders. The corporate social responsibility ensures the compliance with national and international norms, values and ethical standards. The company is not maintaining sustainability among the employees. It also affects the business operation of the company. Now it is assumed that the company should resolve these issues to achieve long term as well as short term goals and objectives (Pallegedara Warren, 2014). SWOT analysis Coca Cola Amatil is the leading producer and retailer of the soft drinks and beverage product across the world. The company is popular for the carbonated drinks and beverage products. Here, SWOT analysis shows the strengths, weaknesses, potential opportunities and threats of the company. The SWOT analysis is discussed below. Strengths It is the best well known and popular brand across the world in terms of profits, revenue, brand image and stock market performance. It serves its products in more than 200 countries, therefore; it maintains the broad distribution and marketing network in the world. The company uses the strong promotion and advertising strategy to gain the competitive advantage globally. Coca Cola Amatil is focusing on corporate social reasonability programs like water recycling, packaging, and energy conservation. This helps to build the strong and effective corporate image of the company (Hassan, Amos Abubakar, 2014). Weaknesses The company mainly focuses on some limited products like sprite, coke, and Fanta. Therefore, it does not keep the focus on the healthy beverages and soft drinks. The product portfolio of the company is not properly diversified, it only focuses on the carbonated drinks. It affects the business activities of the company. It has 8 billion dollars of debt in the market which is also another weakness of the company. Product diversification is another negative point of the company and it affects the performance of the organization. Opportunities The global market is available for the production of soft drink and beverage products. The company can expand its business to produce the new beverage and soft drinks products in the market. Entry into packaged food is another way to expand the market globally. Diversification is another opportunity for the company. Through diversification, the company can improve the quality of beverage and soft drink products. In todays world, there are many products which are not acceptable in the market due to product portfolio of Coca Cola Amatil. Therefore, the company should focus on the marketing of these products (Gelbrich Roschk, 2011). Threats Sugar based beverage and drinks lead to many health issues and problems. It is the serious and major threat to the company. More than 60% revenue and profit come from overseas markets. Weak and poor currency performance of other countries will affect the sales of the company. Water resources will also become the major threat to the company. RC cola and Pepsi are giving rigid competition in the market. The market of developed countries are already soaked and saturated (Randeberg Selvik, 2014). PESTLE analysis PESTLE analysis evaluates and identifies changes in the market caused by the various external factors like political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental factors. They are discussed below. Political factors: These factors affect the business of the company adversely. Political factors which are influenced the company operations are such as changes in legal regulation, non-alcoholic business area and political condition in the international market. Economic factors: Economic recession, inflation rate, and interest may affect the company negatively. Therefore, the company analyses the economic factors. Sociocultural factors: These factors also affect the business operation of the company. The sociocultural factors include the customers tastes, preferences, desires, values, customs, and culture of the countries (Crittenden et al, 2011). Technological factors: The technological factors include the packaging design, new factories, new equipment and new machines. All these factors may have a negative impact on the business activities of the company. Legal factors: The rules, policies, regulations which are imposed by the government also influence the business of the company. Environmental factors: The water problems, pesticides and climate changes also affect the market of the company. Therefore, the company should analyze the environmental factors (Allen, Singh Powell, 2013). Association culture and leadership style Coca Cola Amatil is one of the biggest companies in soft drink and beverage products across the world. The company provides excellent corporate culture to employees for doing work efficiently. The company culture includes the seven core values such as leadership, diversity, collaboration, passion, integrity, accountability and quality. Alison Watkins is the CEO of the company. She maintains cooperation and collaboration within the organization. Further, the company uses excellent leadership style in the organization. The leadership styles of the company are discussed below (Handayati, Simatupang Sridharan, 2011). Team leadership style: The Company uses the team leadership style to create and maintain a good position in the future. CEO inspires and motivates employees through team leadership style. Employees maintain teamwork and coordination among the various departments with the help of this leadership style. Cross cultural leadership: The Company is expanding its business day by day, therefore, the company needs a large number of employees to perform the work. People come from different background and they follow different cultures. Thus, the company provides cross cultural training to employees. Autocratic leadership style: In this leadership style, managers strictly focus and monitor the activities of employees. In this way, it improves the efficiency and productivity of employees. Employees learn many things from their superior and they gain knowledge and experience from them (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). Democratic leadership style: In this style, managers involve employees in the decision-making process. It enhances and encourages the morale and satisfaction level of the employees. In democratic leadership style, managers delegate authorities and power towards subordinates to achieve the mission and vision of the company. Coaching leadership style: In this style, superiors improve the skills and knowledge of the employees. Thus superiors and managers motivate the workers to perform their duties and responsibilities. Now it is assumed that organizational culture of the company is very excellent. CEO provides a good working environment to employees for doing work. She ensures the employee's security and safety and provides good wages to employees. On the other hand, leadership styles also play a significant role in success and growth of the company (Jones Reid, 2010). Conclusion Coca Cola Amatil is one of the biggest brands in beverage and soft drinks across the world. It deals in various products like soft drinks, beverages, coffee, tea, juice, energy drinks, flavored milk and sports drinks. Now it is concluded that the company is operating its business activities across the world. The company is maintaining the effective core values and competencies, mission, vision and corporate strategies to gain competitive advantage. Therefore, the company should maintain the good and effective position in the market. References Allen, D.E., Singh, A.K. and Powell, R., 2013. Analysing the return distributions of Australian stocks: the CAPM, factor models and quantile regressions.Global Business and Economics Review,15(1), pp.88-109. Bailey, J. and Peetz, D., 2015. Australian unions and collective bargaining in 2014.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(3), pp.401-421. Blanding, M., 2011.The Coke machine: The dirty truth behind the world's favorite soft drink. Penguin. Burrows, T.L., Pursey, K.M. and Stanwell, P., 2015. The Application of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Investigate the Effect of a Commercial Energy Drink. Crittenden, V.L., Crittenden, W.F., Ferrell, L.K., Ferrell, O.C. and Pinney, C.C., 2011. Market-oriented sustainability: a conceptual framework and propositions.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,39(1), pp.71-85. Gelbrich, K. and Roschk, H., 2011. A meta-analysis of organizational complaint handling and customer responses.Journal of Service Research,14(1), pp.24-43. Handayati, Y., Simatupang, T.M. and Sridharan, R., 2011. An analysis of collaboration between Coca-Cola and Carrefour using drama theory.International Journal of Value Chain Management,5(1), pp.1-24. Hassan, D.N., Amos, A.A. and Abubakar, O.A., 2014. An evaluation of marketing strategies undertaken by Coca Cola Company as a multinational corporation in Nigeria.Journal of Business and Management,3(2), pp.5-10. Jones, S.C. and Reid, A., 2010. Marketing to children and teens on Australian food company web sites.Young Consumers,11(1), pp.57-66. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.145-165. Kumarasiri, J., 2015. Use of management accounting practices in carbon emission management: Evidence from Australian companies.Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, The,21(1), p.5. Maharaj, B. and Reddy, M., 2013. To Clear or Not: Examination of Mergers and Acquisition Cases from Small Economies.International Journal of Economics and Finance,5(2), p.125. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Allender, S. and Sacks, G., 2016. Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia.BMC public health,16(1), p.283. Okur-Berberoglu, A., 2014. Exploitation of environmental resources and rural communities by global food companies.Geography, Environment, Sustainability,7(4), pp.54-67. Pallegedara, D. and Warren, M., 2014. Evaluating Australian social media policies in relation to the issue of information disclosure. ACIS. Randeberg, M. and Selvik, H., 2014.A study of tax minimization strategies in multinational companies: with focus on The Coca-Cola company and IKEA(Master's thesis).

With close Reference to the Language of Specific Characters Essay Example

With close Reference to the Language of Specific Characters Essay Written by William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy based around the concepts of love and conflict. Within the play, each different character brings with themselves their own unique attitudes towards love, sex and marriage, ranging from the aggressive views of Sampson and Gregory to the passionate and sensitive views of Romeo and Juliet. It is the intention of this essay to explore and analyse the opinions of the main characters in the play, along with how they are presented by Shakespeare. The first characters to be introduced in the play are Sampson and Gregory, an uneducated and violent double-act with an obsession with sex and no thoughts of love or marriage. Being lowly servants of the Capulet family, they speak in prose tainted with rude and aggressive language: Women being the weaker vessels are ever thrust to the wall: therefore I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall (Act One, Scene One, Lines 14-17) We will write a custom essay sample on With close Reference to the Language of Specific Characters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on With close Reference to the Language of Specific Characters specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on With close Reference to the Language of Specific Characters specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This quote clearly shows that they regard women as being nothing more than sexual objects to be used at ones leisure and then disposed of. The word vessels here implies that women are only suitable to carrying children, again demonstrating to the audience that Sampson and Gregory regard women as being inferior. When the actor delivers his lines, he would emphasise the word thrust in order to convey Sampson and Gregorys vulgar and misogynistic attitude to the uneducated peasantry, who would appreciate the crudeness. In addition, their bawdy and rude sense of humour, which is shown by their phrases Tis known that I am a pretty piece of flesh and my naked weapon is out would have appealed to most of the audience. In direct contrast to Sampson and Gregory is one of the heroes of the play, Romeo, who is of noble status within the Montague family. We observe Romeos attitudes to love changing rather drastically as the play progresses; he goes from being the classic Petrarchan, negative lover to a passionate and soulful one. Before he meets Juliet, the person who inspires this change within him, he talks about his unrequited love for Rosaline (who, incidentally, the audience dont actually see in the play). He describes his love elaborately and excessively, using phrases such as She is too fair, too wise, wisely too fair. The audience think that Romeo is being over-the-top and insincere, a notion thats heightened by his apparently confused views of love, demonstrated by his use of oxymorons: O brawling love, O loving hate, O anything of nothing first create! (Act One, Scene One, Lines 170-171) Not only do these contradictory terms show Romeos inability to think straight, they also show him blinded by his apparent love for Rosaline. However, when Romeo meets Juliet for the first time, he changes from having a negative view of love and being in a state of emotional turmoil to being positive, light and soulful. His language suddenly transforms from a dark and depressing mood into a more lifted one. This becomes apparent to the audience when they hear Romeo say: This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this, My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss (Act One, Scene Five, Lines 93-95) His language, though no longer overly elaborate, still has some Petrarchan qualities, though Romeo expresses his love positively rather than through depression, which informs the audience that his love is passionate and pure. His description of Juliet as holy shrine suggests that she is his world, his religion, his life, and tender kiss emphasises his caring love for her. Through language such as this, Shakespeare makes clear that Romeo is no longer in love with the idea of being in love (as he was before), but is well and truly in love with Juliet. Although Juliet returns Romeos affections, their views on love and marriage were rather different before they met. Juliet was the classic example of a dutiful daughter, pleased to obey her parents in almost every aspect of life, including love. When Lady Capulet proposes Paris offer to her, Juliet says Ill look to like, if looking liking move But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly (Act One, Scene Three, Lines 98-100) At this point in the play, Juliet is being obedient and is allowing her parents to guide her in the matter of love as they see fit. However, when Juliet meets Romeo, her views change so drastically that she goes against all social norms and proposes marriage herself (an idea that was simply unheard of in Elizabethan culture the man was supposed to propose). Juliet even goes so far as to offer to abandon her family for Romeo (and hence, risk abandonment), making the audience realise that her love for Romeo is greater even than her love for her parents and her life, which serves as a great contrast to the previously shy and dutiful Juliet: Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love And Ill no longer be a Capulet. (Act Two, Scene Two, Lines 35-36) Both Romeo and Juliet share a passionate, true love for each other, harbouring no obsessions with sex (unlike Sampson and Gregory). When they meet, they begin to realise just how powerful love can be, and devote themselves to the other. The fourth character to be discussed is the Nurse, of the House of Capulet. She is of low social status, which is reflected in her bawdy (though unaggressive) sense of humour. However, Nurse treats Juliet as her own daughter (something Lady Capulet never did), a fact which is made apparent to the audience when Lady Capulet says Thou knowest my daughter of a pretty age. Also, although Nurse displays a strong parental for Juliet, her views of love are rather superficial, and based upon appearances. A man, young lady! Lady, such a man As all the world Why hes a man of wax (Act One, Scene Three, Lines 76-77) The above quotation (describing Paris) shows that Nurse considers appearances to be of utmost importance; the phrase man of wax implies perfection in looks. She also refers to Paris as a flower and doesnt mention anything about his character when persuading Juliet to marry him. Nurses views on marriage are influenced by fond memories of her late husband God be with his soul and she also says to Juliet: And I might live to see thee married once, I have my wish (Act One, Scene Three, Lines 63-64) This tells the audience that she has positive views on marriage and has a motherly wish to see Juliet married. Furthermore, Nurse uses a lot of sexual innuendo, talking about wormwood on my dung and Juliet falling backward when thou hast more wit. Making such casual remarks in the presence of a person such as Lady Capulet was considered improper in those times, but the Nurses disregard for this also reflects her low social standing. Another pair of characters from Juliets family is Lord and Lady Capulet, who, surprisingly, have contrasting views of love and marriage. Lord Capulet believes that Juliet should be older before she is married, and wants her to choose her husband. Let two more summers wither in their pride, Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. (Act One, Scene Two, Lines 10-11) The above quote shows that Lord Capulet is quite prepared to wait another few years for Juliet to get married, which is the complete opposite of what Lady Capulet thinks: Well, think of marriage now; younger than you, Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, Are made already mothers. (Act One, Scene Three, Lines 70-72) Lady Capulet clearly has no patience, and wants Juliet to marry Paris straight away. This implies that Juliets father is more loving and protective, while her mother is superficial and uncaring. Furthermore, the views of the two contrast on the point of love too: But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart My will to her consent is but a part. (Act One, Scene Two, Lines 16-17) This suggestion from Lord Capulet tells us that he wants Juliet to love her husband, and shows that he doesnt really want to impose his own will upon her. Lady Capulet, on the other hand, wants Juliet to marry immediately, so that she can share all that he doth possess and add to the family fortune. The next character to be explored is Mercutio, Romeos best friend. He is of noble status but uses crude and vulgar language in spite of his standing. He has a negative attitude towards love and regards it as a foe that must be beaten down: If love be rough with you, be rough with love. Prick love for pricking, and you beat love down. (Act One, Scene Four, Lines 76-77) However, he displays a strong filial love for Romeo, and his view on love could be influenced by Rosalines harsh treatment of his best friend. Another explanation could be that Mercutio has never experienced love before; therefore he doesnt know how to deal with it properly. His cynical attitude makes Mercutio dismiss Romeos fantasies, because he is supposedly succumbing to the evil powers of love. Another character with a negative view of love is Benvolio, Romeos other friend. When attempting to comfort Romeo, he suggests that he should simply find someone else to replace Rosaline in his affections. Compare her face with some that I shall show, And I will make thee think thy swan a crow. (Act One, Scene Two, Lines 88-89) Within the above quotation, Shakespeare informs us of the superficial attitudes to love and women within Benvolio. The use of the word compare suggests that women are merely objects, and the casual suggestion to replace Rosaline shows Benvolios shallow opinions. However, he does display a strong filial love for Romeo, which is shown when he tries to comfort him over the unrequited love. Even though the advice is not very good (Benvolio has probably never been in love himself), the gesture is still there. He also believes that love seems to be a good thing on the outside but on the inside it is an evil enemy: Alas that Love, so gentle in his view, Should be so tyrannous and rough in proof (Act One, Scene One, Lines 163-164) Contrasting with Benvolio is Tybalt, of the House of Capulet, who displays absolutely no filial love. He despises everyone of the House of Montague and displays a rather fiery personality. It fits when such a villain in a guest: Ill not endure him (Act One, Scene Five, Lines 74-75) This quote referring to Romeo shows that Tybalt cannot stand any Montagues, and his previous order, Fetch me my rapier, boy along with other such statements littered throughout his dialogue suggest that he is very violent and aggressive. Later on in the play, he challenges Romeo to a fight to the death, demonstrating his obsession with his familys honour. The final character to be explored is Friar Lawrence, who, despite having two sons, treats Romeo like one of his children, giving advice and encouragement. He refers to Romeo as good son, which tells the audience of his fatherly feelings. Friar Lawrence doesnt differentiate between the two houses of Capulet and Montague, unlike most of the other characters, and agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet in the hope that it will unite the conflicting families. To conclude, William Shakespeare delivers to us an array of moral values and attitudes to love, sex and marriage in Romeo and Juliet. One of his greatest works, the play expresses the views of all social classes, using marvellous linguistic tools that are unparalleled to this day. The audience are greeted with the violent and aggressive attitudes of Sampson and Gregory, juxtaposed by the passionate and sensitive views of love of Romeo and Juliet. Throughout the play, Shakespeare masterfully weaves humour and sadness, peace and conflict, love and hate, together into an intricate and entertaining plot that will be performed and studies for generations to come.

Using APA Style To Write An Essay

Using APA Style To Write An EssayWriting an essay using APA style is an important part of school assignments, college essays, and much more. Writing an essay in this style is different than writing the more common academic style. The main difference is that the essay is directed toward readers who are under almost no pressure to understand what is being written.Most students will usually avoid using this essay style in their essay as they feel it would be too formal for their essay. That is because this style can be quite hard to write for a first time writer. But with practice you will be able to produce an essay like this much easier.First of all, you will need to get some information out about the subject you are writing about. Whether it be about your own life or that of another person. Using this information will help you when writing the essay. You should also let your readers know a little bit about you and the reason you are writing the essay in the first place.This is going to help you to tie in all of the information you have so that you can complete your essay. Make sure to make a list of all of the points you want to make in your essay. This will help you keep your essay short. A lot of students will go over their essays trying to figure out every little detail about the topic.You'll want to determine how long you want your essay to be. It might be three or four pages. It doesn't really matter because you're going to be taking your time to write this essay and get it right.Once you have determined how long you want it to be then you'll want to start writing the major idea for your essay. This is important so that you don't end up including information that has nothing to do with the topic. Make sure that the first paragraph of your essay is very powerful and telling of the major point you want to make.In the second paragraph, you will need to highlight the main idea that you want to make. You can use examples to help you out. You may find that your teacher will want you to use examples because they can show you where to use them.If you have specific examples, you'll want to make sure you have enough space for the examples. In this way, you'll be able to get more information across to your readers. When you're writing an essay that has examples, it makes it easier to get the information across.

The Oddyssey essays

The Oddyssey essays In Homers Odyssey, Odysseus leads his men on the difficult journey back to Ithaca. The journey tests Odysseuss leadership abilities. Odysseus is often distracted and fails to protect his men. On other occasions, Odysseuss men would die if it were not for him. In The Odyssey, Odysseus has strengths and weaknesses in his leadership ability. On some occasions, Odysseus uses his crafty mid to overcome obstacles. When Odysseus and his men encounter the Cyclops, the Cyclops eats Odysseus men. However, Odysseus is still able to outsmart the Cyclops and save his men. He tells the Cyclops his name is Nobody so the other Cyclopes wont come to help him, he gets the Cyclops drunk, pokes out his eye, and escapes with his men underneath the sheep. Another time Odysseus shows his cleverness is when he doesnt enter the Laestrygonians harbor with his ship. The other ships enter the harbor and get pelted with huge boulders. Although Odysseus is smart, sometimes he has too much confidence when dealing with anything he may encounter, and as a result he puts his men in unnecessary danger. One example is when Odysseus insists on going into the Cyclops cave and eating his food. Although he doesnt know about the Cyclops and his ways, he shouldnt have relied on the common law of hospitality that he and his men would be welcome there. Another example is when Odysseus wastes time putting on his armor when he sails past Scylla, although he was instructed not to. Odysseus sometimes tries hard to protect his men. On Hyperions island, Odysseus knowingly warns his men not to slaughter the Sun Gods cattle. He does his best to stop his men, but the gods make him fall asleep, and his men disobey Odysseus. However, other times Odysseus does not keep his men out of danger. This can be seen in the incident with the Laestrygonians. All of the ships enter the harbor, but at the last minute O...

Procedural justice versus substantive justice Research Paper

Procedural justice versus substantive justice - Research Paper Example Substantive justice follows laws that define, regulate and create the obligations of certain parties, which should be carried or no carried out towards others meaning that this form of justice falls under the cause of action, but not proactive. This is such that individuals bring forth their issues to the bodies charged with the responsibility to safeguard and ensure that the obligations set for the people are followed. As such, substantive justice ensures and creates opportunities for people whose rights have been violated to present their grievances, but not to prevent this violation. Thus, it serves as a form of punitive measure to see to it that those who fail to honor their part of the bargain in relation to following a defined code and obligation face justice (Sandefur, n.d). Substantive justice applies mainly in the issue of rights, where there remains controversy as to how one can define rights under a justice system, since its origin lies in the term â€Å"due process of th e law.† Following this development in substantive justice, it is applied in the issue of rights, as a distinct characteristic in rights does not appear in other forms of law or justice. In rights, they are defined and one is obliged to pay attention to them lest they end up violating their own rights or even those of others. Substantive justice, therefore, sets guidelines within which one conducts oneself and binds one actions to the consequences. Based on the history of substantive justice as the due process of the law, guidelines ensure that there exists a definition of terms or procedures through which one must go through in order for certain events to take place. Substantive justice also sets the circumstances under which things are done and failure to which certain consequences are issued, as it provides a diverse framework, which creates the conditions that people relate to each other and how people relate with the government. It also sets out how an individual is respon sible for everything that he or she engages in, as substantive justice offers definitions , regulations and obligations to govern the above said relationships. To build more on the relationships between people and the government, it is important to look into the role of substantive justice in seeing to it that the government carries out its responsibilities or obligations. Concerning this, substantive justice creates a clear distinction between valid laws and invalid ones, which acts as a means of discerning, that which is rights and that which is wrong according to the actions of the government towards its people. Substantive justice calls for a clear definition of these standards, where those charged with the responsibility of justice are bound to come up with standards of generality, regularity, fairness, rationality and public orientation. The above is meant to apply to the activities of the people towards each other and the government towards its people, as well as the people t owards governance, which is a form of prohibition of abuse of power against the people by the government and the people towards the government (Sandefur, n.d). This is due to the high possibility of using public interests for personal gain or ends, which is common in an arbitral nature of the law, and that explains the role of substantive justice. One of the benefits of this law is its definitive nature, where it sets clear stipulations against

If I Could travel back to any point in history,what would it be and Essay

If I Could travel back to any point in history,what would it be and why - Essay Example America’s growth began to slow down and many were lucky to even have food to eat. There were also serious droughts that created what is known as the dust bowl. This made it hard to grow food which only added to the affects of The Great Depression. Pictures can barely even describe the actual pain that many had to go through once they lost everything. It would be a great experience to actually be able to see firsthand what The Great Depression was actually like. What would be the most amazing is to see how many kept positive although going through such a bad time. Techniques used by many to keep positive and moving forward can be used today. This would be helpful since currently we are experiencing events similar to The Great Depression. Going back into history to see what works and what doesn’t would be beneficial to many and that’s why if I could travel back in time, I would travel to experience The Great